Surface matrix regulation of perovskite quantum dots for efficient solar cells

Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have emerged as one of the most potential materials for developing new-generation solar cells due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and solution processing ability, and the photovoltaic performance of PQD solar cells (PQDSCs) has been largely improved in the past few years. Surface matrix regulation of PQDs is of great importance to ameliorate the optoelectronic properties and stability of PQDs, to a large extent dominating the photovoltaic performance and operational stability of PQDSCs. In this review, the latest advances in surface matrix regulation of PQDs are comprehensively summarized and deeply discussed for efficient solar cells. Different feasible strategies, such as surface matrix reconstruction and demolition of PQDs, to substantially diminish the nonradiative recombination of photoinduced charge carriers and improve the crystal stability of PQDs, and thereby lower the energy losses in high-performance PQDSCs, are systematically discussed. Meanwhile, the charge carrier dynamics in both PQDs and PQDSC devices affected by the surface matrix of PQDs are also discussed to link the surface matrix regulation of PQDs with the device operation of PQDSCs. Finally, possible opportunities and challenges of the surface matrix regulation of PQDs are comprehensively proposed to outline future research directions to further improve the performance of PQDSCs.