Study on the formation and properties of red blood cell-like Fe₃O₄/TbLa₃(Bim)₁₂/PLGA composite particles

Besides the particle size and surface performance, the shape also plays a key role in drug delivery systems. Red blood cells are the most abundant blood cells in the human body, and are excellent oxygen carriers, due to their unique biconcave discoid shape. In this study, red blood cell (RBC)-like Fe₃O₄/TbLa₃(Bim)₁₂/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) composite particles, with magnetic response and bioimaging functions, were prepared by electrospraying. Various electrospraying parameters, such as solvent, PLGA concentration, collecting distance and solution flow rate were investigated in detail to attempt to obtain RBC-like composite particles. The size distribution, morphology, structure, and hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity of particles were characterized. The results revealed the RBC-like Fe₃O₄/TbLa₃(Bim)₁₂/PLGA composite particles exhibited a strong green fluorescence and good magnetic behavior even when incubated with cells. Furthermore, the intensity of the magnetization and fluorescence can be adjusted by changing the contents of Fe₃O₄ and TbLa₃(Bim)₁₂. The effect on cell viability of the RBC-like Fe₃O₄/TbLa₃(Bim)₁₂/PLGA composite particles was evaluated in A549 cells and RBCs, and it was determined to have low cytotoxicity and excellent blood biocompatibility, suggesting that it is a promising candidate for application in drug delivery, targeting and tracking.