Stable Low-Current Electrodeposition of α-MnO₂ on Superaligned Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers for High-Performance Energy Storage

Metal oxide/carbonaceous nanomaterials are promising candidates for energy-storage applications. However, inhomogeneous mass and charge transfer across the electrode/electrolyte interface due to unstable metal oxide/carbonaceous nanomaterial synthesis limit their performance in supercapacitors. Here, it is shown that the above problems can be mitigated through stable low-current electrodeposition of MnO₂ on superaligned electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNFs). The key to this approach is coupling a self-designed four steel poles collector for aligned ECNFs and a constant low-current (40 µA) electrodeposition technique to form a uniform Na⁺-induced α-MnO₂ film which proceeds by a time-dependent growth mechanism involving cluster-“kebab” structures and ending with a compact, uniform MnO₂ film for high-performance energy storage.