Self-oxidized sponge-like nanoporous nickel alloy in three-dimensions with pseudocapacitive behavior and excellent capacitive performance

Recent studies clarify that NiO is actually a battery material, rather than the widely considered pseudocapacitive material. Self-oxidized sponge-like nanoporous Ni-Co alloy (ss-npNi) in three-dimensions (3D) is fabricated by dealloying Mg₈₀Ni_19.2Co_0.8 metallic glass ribbon in citric acid and naturally surface self-oxidizing in air. The ss-npNi is found to be a battery material in nature while exhibiting pseudocapacitive behavior. The redox reactions at the peaks are controlled by surface processes with fast charge-transfer, and the pseudocapacitive contribution of the redox current is dominant throughout the whole potential range. The pseudocapacitive behavior originates from the fast charge/discharge processes occurring on the ultrathin metal oxide surface of the three-dimensional conductive ligaments. The ss-npNi exhibits high specific capacitance of 1424 F g^-1 at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹, enhanced rate capability with ∼82.4% retention at a high current density of 40 A g⁻¹ and excellent cycle stability with ∼95.7% retention even after 10000 continuous charge-discharge cycles at 40 A g⁻¹. This work renders the dealloying method a promising way of endowing battery materials with pseudocapacitive behavior.