Robust Decision-Making for Collaborative Manufacturing in ICPSs via Hierarchical Games

In this article, the robust decision-making problem is investigated for collaborative manufacturing in industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPSs) that involve multiple manufacturing line agents (MLAs) and multiple industrial terminal agents (ITAs). The disturbing factor is modeled as a rational player who aims to optimally deteriorate other players' performance, then the robust decision-making problem is addressed from a game-theoretic perspective by achieving a Nash-Stackelberg-Nash-Saddle (NSNS) equilibrium where all players' information is acquired through a dynamic feedback form. Furthermore, the existence of the NSNS equilibrium is analyzed, and the input-to-state stability of the closed-loop system is proven. Finally, simulations from a numerical example are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.