Recent progress on laser illuminating 2D materials

In the past decade, since the discovery of graphene by Geim and Novoselov, a tremendous research effort has been devoted to graphene and other two-dimensional materials due to their fascinating properties. Interestingly, recent results found that ABC stacking in FLG can be controllably and locally turned into ABA stacking by illuminating the ABC region with a train of laser pulses of 790 nm wavelength, which can be visualized by TEM in dark field mode. The graphene-based terahertz devices will be reviewed in Section 2 first, including the fabrication of graphene THz modulators and then two interesting different approaches that enable the ABC stacking in FLG to be controllably and locally turned into ABA stacking are further discussed and analyzed, when both stacking occur in the same FLG device. On the other hand, MXene with ultra-thin atomic layer thickness exhibits abundant physical and chemical properties. With outstanding energy conversion efficiency, light-to-heat conversion of MXene has gained renewed research interest in the recent researches and found itself in energy and medical applications. Thus, to utilize Mxene for beneficial usage, the fabrication and relevant experimental results of MXene will be discussed and overviewed in Section 3, which would cover the stability and degradation, energy dissipation process, near-infrared light absorption of MXene. Finally, it is concluded that both heat and light conditions could significantly promote the degradation of MXene in aqueous solution, which provides guideline for fundamental study and future biomedicine delivery applications.