Recent advances in the analytical applications of copper nanoclusters

Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) are composed of several to tens of atoms and have drawn considerable research interest due to their unique electrical, physical and optical properties. However, in comparison to the extensively investigated Au NCs and Ag NCs, analytical applications of the copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) are relatively limited and still at an early stage. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the analytical applications of Cu NCs based on their optical, electrochemical, and catalytical properties for the detection of various analytes, including metal ions, anions, biomoleculars (proteins, nucleic acids etc.), small molecules and pH. In addition, their applications in biological labeling and bioimaging were summarized.