Radiomics in medical imaging—detection, extraction and segmentation

Radiomics, as a newly emerging technology, converts medical images into high-dimensional data via high-throughput extraction of quantitative features, followed by subsequent data analysis for decision support. It identifies general diagnostic or prognostic phenotypes with target clinical need, providing an unprecedented opportunity to improve individualized treatment in cancer at low cost. In this chapter, we will introduce radiomics from its development to its clinical applications. We divide the clinical applications into three sections based on three most common medical modality, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), to give a comprehensive introduction of how radiomics works with the example of a typical cancer type. The workflow and detailed technology skills are well described in each section.