Quantitative temperature visualization with single harmonic-based magnetic particle imaging

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a very promising imaging modality for disease theranostics. It allows quantitative visualization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by utilizing their non-linear response to an alternating magnetic field. In this study, we propose a new approach for the additional quantitative imaging of temperature with single harmonic-based narrowband MPI via measuring the phase lag of the 3rd harmonic of MNP response. Temperature dependent phase lag is measured and calibrated with both magnetic particle spectroscopy and MPI systems. Afterwards, phantom experiments are performed for quantitative temperature imaging with MPI. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach for temperature imaging with a systematic deviation of 0.9 °C and a standard deviation of 0.13 °C. We believe that the proposed approach will provide a novel tool for non-invasive and quantitative temperature imaging with applications to biomedicine.