Quantitative analysis and prediction of corrective force in scoliosis brace-treated patients

Background: A lack of quantitative approaches in brace treatment exists for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This study aimed to explore the effective application of corrective forces in treatment, thus developing a theoretical basis for quantitative corrective force in the treatment of scoliosis patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 30 AIS patients undergoing scoliosis brace treatment were incorporated in the study. A force-sensing and data-acquisition system was employed to collect corrective force data during standardized movements performed by patients in different postures. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: The cohort included 6 males (20%) and 24 females (80%), with a mean age of 14.53 ± 1.43 years. The major curve locations were as follows: thoracic (26.67%), lumbar (56.67%), and thoracolumbar (16.67%). The mean brace treatment duration was 13.87 ± 11.96 months. The initial Cobb angle was 32 ± 5°, with a reduction of 8 ± 6° post-treatment. There was a significant correlation between corrective forces in sitting and standing (P < 0.001, R² = 0.7093) and sitting/walking postures (P < 0.001, R² = 0.7751). A multiple linear regression identified gender, age, and Risser grade as key corrective strength factors. It was demonstrated that movement significantly affected corrective force. Conclusions: This study quantified the corrective force in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients, revealing that a force exceeding 40 N is typically applied at the apex of the major curve. A prediction formula based on gender, age, Risser grade, and vertex position was established, which is expected to be guide the development of quantitative bracing protocols.