Progress in 2D Material-Based Infrared Photodetectors for Intelligent Vision Applications

Infrared (IR) photodetectors based on narrow-bandgap 2D materials and heterojunctions have shown great promise in constructing IR sensing systems, including optical communication, security monitoring, thermal imaging, and astronomy exploration. In recent years, significant progress has been made in developing performance enhancement strategies for 2D material-based IR photodetectors and integrating them with artificial neural networks, paving the way for sophisticated intelligent IR applications. This review offers a detailed overview of recent advancements in enhancing IR photodetection capabilities and fostering related intelligent applications. First, a concise overview of the underlying photodetection mechanisms and key performance metrics of 2D photodetectors designed for operation in the IR region is illustrated. Next, strategies for enhancing sensitivity and light absorption of IR photodetectors, including defect engineering, heterostructure construction, and optical field enhancement, are discussed. Then, recent advances and applications of 2D material-based photodetectors are summarized, with a particular focus on innovations that enable intelligent, real-time sensing and processing capabilities for IR applications. Finally, the review highlights the challenges and provides a forward-looking perspective on the development of advanced intelligent IR photodetectors.