Prediction of Driving Departure of Mining Autonomous Transport Vehicles Based on GRU Network

Open-pit mining areas have special geological structures, complex road networks, multi-rotation sections and poor road conditions, which bring many challenges to the operation of mining autonomous transport vehicles. Due to the large size and high control difficulty of mining autonomous transport vehicles, poor control effect and inaccurate steering mechanism implementation are prone to occur during the driving process, which leads to the vehicle departure from the reference path. To ensure the safety of autonomous operation in intelligent mine, this paper proposes a method for predicting driving departure of mining autonomous vehicles based on Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). Firstly, the vehicle's historical trajectory data is obtained via on-board sensors, followed by data cleaning and normalization processes. Key features are extracted, and a vehicle driving scene recognition module based on a GRU-based network is designed using deep learning. Subsequently, a GA-seq2seqGRU trajectory prediction module is constructed utilizing the scene recognition results, and the Genetic Algorithms (GA) is employed to tune the network hyper-parameters. Based on the predicted trajectories, the overall departure risk is calculated using two departure judgment methods based on cross-lane time and predicted lateral deviation, which are mapped to the departure level. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the accuracy of the driving scene recognition model in the proposed method in this paper reaches 0.9721, which is better than the 0.9585 of the Long Short Memory Neural Network (LSTM) model, and the trajectory prediction model based on the results of the driving scene recognition has a smaller RMSE value than the LSTM, GRU, and GA-seq2seqLSTM models when the prediction time domains are 1s, 2s, 3s, 4s, and 5s, and the departure detection module The average time consumed is 0.142ms.