Polarization and fundamental sensitivity of ³⁹K (¹³³Cs)-⁸⁵Rb-²¹Ne co-magnetometers

The hybrid optical pumping spin exchange relaxation free (HOPSERF) atomic co-magnetometers make ultrahigh sensitivity measurement of inertia achievable. The wall relaxation rate has a big effect on the polarization and fundamental sensitivity for the co-magnetometer, but it is often neglected in the experiments. However, there is almost no work about the systematic analysis of the influence factors on the polarization and the fundamental sensitivity of the HOPSERF co-magnetometers. Here we systematically study the polarization and the fundamental sensitivity of ³⁹K-⁸⁵Rb-²¹Ne and ¹³³Cs-⁸⁵Rb-²¹Ne HOPSERF co-magnetometers with low polarization limit and the wall relaxation rate. The ²¹Ne number density, the power density and wavelength of pump beam will affect the polarization greatly by affecting the pumping rate of the pump beam. We obtain a general formula on the fundamental sensitivity of the HOPSERF co-magnetometers due to shot-noise and the fundamental sensitivity changes with multiple systemic parameters, where the suitable number density of buffer gas and quench gas make the fundamental sensitivity highest. The fundamental sensitivity 7.5355×10^-11 rad•s^-1•Hz^-1/2 of ¹³³Cs-⁸⁵Rb-²¹Ne co-magnetometer is higher than the ultimate theoretical sensitivity 2×10^-10 rad•s^-1•Hz^-1/2 of K-²¹Ne co-magnetometer.