Phosphorene

Within the large family of two-dimensional materials (2DMs), phosphorene has its special place because it stands for the renaissance of monoelemental species. Black phosphorene, a puckered 2DM that can be stabilized in freestanding configuration, exhibiting high hole mobility, direct bandgap, and in-plane anisotropy, has been widely explored in novel nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. In this chapter, we aim to assist researchers from a variety of disciplines to have an insight into this novel material. We review the properties of phosphorene and highlight electronic and bioapplications. More attention is paid to their high-quality synthesis, in particular, substrate engineering of a new phase, the buckled blue phosphorene. We discuss the surface oxidation mechanism and surface functionalization of black phosphorene, as well the future research directions of this promising material.