Performance shaping factors in the human error probability modification of human reliability analysis

Human-induced accidents indicate the importance of human reliability analysis (HRA) in reducing and eliminating human errors, thus improving the reliability of human–machine systems. HRA takes both qualitative and quantitative approaches to determine the error of the operators and the contexts in which tasks are performed. To ensure that HRA results can objectively evaluate human error behaviors, the quantification of human error probability (HEP) is typically based on the qualitative analysis of human factors and task contexts and is further refined by performance shaping factors (PSFs). A good HEP process development includes the selection of PSFs, the evaluation of PSFs and the quantification strategy of HEP. A variety of HEP quantification analyses based on PSFs has been widely adopted in contemporary HRA studies. This work reviews three major quantification strategies used in HRA methods. Additionally, we generalize the modification of HEP with PSFs into a paradigm.