Performance analysis of MW-class parallel hybrid-electric regional aircraft using predictive energy management strategy

This paper presents a comprehensive analytical framework for a parallel hybrid-electric propulsion system (HEPS) tailored to regional aircraft, integrating engineering-based component modeling, integrated control and predictive energy management. Parametric models of the propulsion components are first developed, followed by the implementation of a coordinated control scheme that combines engine fuel flow regulation, electric motor torque control, and overall aircraft control. A predictive energy management strategy based on model predictive control (MPC) is employed to optimize power allocation and fuel consumption, while accounting for aircraft mass variation during flight. Simulation results under a cruise mission profile demonstrate that the HEPS with MPC achieves a 9.6 % reduction in fuel consumption compared to the baseline aircraft. When accounting for grid-based battery recharging, total CO₂ emissions are reduced by 5.39 %, and NO_x emissions by 8.69 %. Moreover, notable improvements are evident in energy-specific air range, energy cost, and computation time, demonstrating the advantages of the MPC strategy in optimizing energy utilization and improving real-time feasibility. Sensitivity analysis further reveals that advancements in battery technology—especially in energy density, internal resistance, and voltage—can enhance electric propulsion performance, highlighting the potential of parallel HEPS to improve both environmental and operational efficiency in regional aviation.