On a variable-coefficient AB system in a baroclinic flow: Generalized Darboux transformation and non-autonomous localized waves

In this paper, we focus our attention on a variable-coefficient AB system, which models the marginally unstable baroclinic wave packets in a baroclinic flow. With respect to the amplitude of the baroclinic wave packet and correction to the mean flow resulting from the self-rectification of the baroclinic wave, we construct an N-fold generalized Darboux transformation (GDT) via symbolic computation, where N is a positive integer. Via the obtained GDT, several kinds of the non-autonomous localized waves, e.g., the multi-pole solitons, multi-pole breathers, rogue waves and their interactions, are investigated. We have selected four types of the variable coefficients, i.e., constant, linear about t, quadratic about t and trigonometric about t, where t is the normalized retarded time coordinate. We explore the influence of those selected variable coefficients on the non-autonomous localized waves. Moreover, we discuss the bound states among the non-autonomous multiple-pole solitons and one soliton, which exhibit the periodic attractions and repulsions between the adjacent solitons.