Numerical Simulation of Ice Crystal Impact, Adhesion and Icing of Multi-element Airfoil Under Mixed-Phase Icing Conditions

The investigation of aircraft icing problems has led to a growing interest in mixed-phase icing. This paper used drag coefficient，adhesion，and icing thermodynamic models to calculate ice accretion on a quasi-three-dimensional multi-element airfoil under mixed-phase conditions. Firstly，mesh generation and airflow field calculations are conducted on the multi-element airfoil. Next，numerical simulations are carried out to analyze the characteristics of ice crystals impingement，adhesion，and ice accretion under mixed phase conditions. The results show that the adhesion mass flow rate of ice crystals is high and can pose a threat to flight safety，and adhesion may also occur in the runback water zone. Moreover，with the increase of liquid water content（LWC）over total water content（TWC），ice crystals are more likely to adhere to surfaces and participate in surface icing.