Multispacecraft Measurements in the Magnetosphere

This chapter covers a selection of the range of multispacecraft techniques that have been initially developed to analyze Cluster data. We begin the chapter with a short introduction, following this with an account of the methods and their application. The topics are separated into those dealing with magnetic field gradients and topology (which include the curlometer, magnetic rotation analysis, and least squares approach); magnetic field reconstruction and the analysis of magnetic field nulls (which are significant for magnetic reconnection and other geometries); time series analysis, adapted for multispacecraft data (including boundary identification, dimensional, and motion analysis); and wave vector analysis methods in the Fourier domain.