Molecular distances determined with resonant vibrational energy transfers

In general, intermolecular distances in condensed phases at the angstrom scale are difficult to measure. We were able to do so by using the vibrational energy transfer method, an ultrafast vibrational analogue of Förster resonance energy transfer. The distances among SCN^- anions in KSCN crystals and ion clusters of KSCN aqueous solutions were determined with the method. In the crystalline samples, the closest anion distance was determined to be 3.9 ± 0.3 Å, consistent with the XRD result. In the 1.8 and 1 M KSCN aqueous solutions, the anion distances in the ion clusters were determined to be 4.4 ± 0.4 Å. The clustered anion distances in aqueous solutions are very similar to the closest anion distance in the KSCN crystal but significantly shorter than the average anion distance (0.94-1.17 nm) in the aqueous solutions if ion clustering did not occur. The result suggests that ions in the strong electrolyte aqueous solutions can form clusters inside of which they have direct contact with each other.