Method to reduce the influence of abnormal meteorological conditions for MCDF GBAS

The positioning accuracy and integrity of the Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) are impacted by the abnormal troposphere and ionosphere conditions resulting from extreme weather and intense radiation. Non-nominal troposphere error will increase the residual tropospheric uncertainty between the GBAS ground facility and aircraft. The plasma bubbles may induce signal scintillations while passing across a signal path, which could result in a loss of lock or a cycle slip. However, existing methods cannot deal with the threats caused by abnormal meteorological conditions. To reduce the impact of these conditions on GBAS, this paper describes an optimization method. By reassessing the weight matrix W in the calculation of the Vertical Protection Level (VPL), satellites that suffer from bigger pseudorange errors are assigned less importance in the positioning solution. Therefore, the positioning accuracy and integrity of GBAS are improved. Initially, we evaluate the Geometric Dilution of Precision and VPL for both single GPS and GPS+BDS constellations under abnormal meteorological conditions. The performance of different orbiting satellites in such conditions is then evaluated to further analyze their benefits in future Multi-Constellation Dual Frequency (MCDF) GBAS. The results show that the proposed optimization method can effectively reduce the influence of abnormal meteorological conditions and improve the positioning accuracy and integrity of MCDF GBAS. Moreover, mixed orbiting satellites provide more robustness against abnormal meteorological conditions and can significantly enhance the performance of MCDF GBAS.