LLM-Forest: Ensemble Learning of LLMs with Graph-Augmented Prompts for Data Imputation

  • Xinrui He
  • , Yikun Ban*
  • , Jiaru Zou
  • , Tianxin Wei
  • , Curtiss B. Cook
  • , Jingrui He*
  • *Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

Abstract

Missing data imputation is a critical challenge in various domains, such as healthcare and finance, where data completeness is vital for accurate analysis. Large language models (LLMs), trained on vast corpora, have shown strong potential in data generation, making them a promising tool for data imputation. However, challenges persist in designing effective prompts for a finetuning-free process and in mitigating biases and uncertainty in LLM outputs. To address these issues, we propose a novel framework, LLM-Forest, which introduces a "forest" of few-shot learning LLM "trees" with their outputs aggregated via confidence-based weighted voting based on LLM self-assessment, inspired by the ensemble learning (Random Forest). This framework is established on a new concept of bipartite information graphs to identify high-quality relevant neighboring entries with both feature and value granularity. Extensive experiments on 9 real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of LLM-Forest. The implementation is available at https://github.com/Xinrui17/LLM-Forest.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationFindings of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Subtitle of host publicationACL 2025
EditorsWanxiang Che, Joyce Nabende, Ekaterina Shutova, Mohammad Taher Pilehvar
PublisherAssociation for Computational Linguistics (ACL)
Pages6921-6936
Number of pages16
ISBN (Electronic)9798891762565
DOIs
StatePublished - 2025
Externally publishedYes
Event63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2025 - Vienna, Austria
Duration: 27 Jul 20251 Aug 2025

Publication series

NameProceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
ISSN (Print)0736-587X

Conference

Conference63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2025
Country/TerritoryAustria
CityVienna
Period27/07/251/08/25

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