Laser frequency stabilization with a metasurface chip through atomic spectral manipulation

Atomic spectroscopy serves as the basis for quantum precision measurements, where frequency-stabilized lasers are crucial for obtaining accurate atomic spectra. This work introduces a compact laser frequency stabilization system that employs a multifunctional metasurface to adjust the polarization, amplitude, and propagation direction of incident light. By combining with a Rb atomic vapor cell, the system achieves a tunable sub-Doppler spectrum for laser frequency stabilization. The experimental result demonstrates that a laser frequency stability of 3 × 10⁻¹¹ is attained from 1 to 200 s at 780 nm with the input power at 20 μW. The devices hold significant potential for compactness, integration, and mass production, making them highly suitable for quantum measurement applications.