Interval stability and ADRC of vapor cell temperature in miniaturized SERF atomic magnetometer based on light absorption

The spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometer (AM) is a high-precision magnetic field measurement device, whose performance is significantly affected by temperature. In this paper, a novel temperature control method is proposed for the miniaturized SERF AM to ensure the stability and disturbance rejection capability of the vapor cell (VC) temperature system. The method combines active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) with interval stability analysis, achieving both controller stability and accurate state estimation while improving the tuning efficiency of ADRC. Compared to the traditional method, the proposed method reduces heating time, eliminates overshooting, decreases temperature fluctuation, and enhances disturbance rejection capability. Moreover, based on the measurement principle of light absorption, this method can eliminate magnetic noise interference caused by platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) and reduce temperature conduction time delay. This ensures stable output signals and improves the sensitivity of the SERF AM. The method significantly enhances the adaptability of the VC to complex environments and has the potential to be applied in the medical field.