Individual space-variant waveplate model for generating full Poincaré beams and its stress engineering implementation

Full Poincaré beams have application value in various optical technologies due to their diverse polarization distribution forms. It will be of great significance for promoting the application research of this kind of beam if there is an individual element with a simple structure and easy fabrication that can conveniently generate full Poincaré beams of various aperture sizes. We propose a birefringent model of a single transmission waveplate that can convert the single polarization laser into a full Poincaré beam, perform optical calculations for it, and elucidate its polarization modulation law. Then, we analyze the stress conditions for realizing such a waveplate using stress engineering methods based on the principle of elastic-optic effect. An optical test of near-field polarization modulation was conducted to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis of generating full Poincaré beams using stress-optic elements. Finally, we discuss the influence of typical structure and tightening parameters of stressed windows on the phase retardance distribution, providing a reference for engineering design.