Human Body Digital Twins: Technologies and Applications

The development of precise virtual entities of human bodies has been pursued for many years, but to date, there have been few positive reports. In recent years, the success of digital twin (DT) technology in industrial applications has led to greater interest in establishing human body DT models. In particular, many recent advances in materials science, electrical engineering, and computer engineering have exhibited the intrinsic power of DT models in the detection and processing of complex body signals, indicating that the goals of establishing human body DTs are getting “within reach.” In this article, we discuss current DT technologies in industry, and then review advanced electronics and artificial intelligent algorithms, which are must-have building blocks for human DTs. Finally, perspectives on the use of human body DTs in improving the quality of life and introduction of never-have immersive virtual-reality experiences are discussed.