High-Density 1D Ionic Wire Arrays for Osmotic Energy Conversion

Ultrahigh-Density 1D Ionic Wire Arrays. A high density (~10¹² cm⁻²) of 1D ionic channels is achieved via self-assembly of a homopolymer, enabling simultaneous high ion selectivity and conductivity for efficient osmotic energy conversion. Anti-Swelling Membrane with Superior Performance. The membrane exhibits an ultrahigh ion-exchange capacity (~2.69 meq g⁻¹) yet minimal swelling (<10%) due to hydrophobic alkyl shell protection, leading to a breakthrough power density of 40.5 W m⁻² under a 500-fold salinity gradient. Multifunctional Design with Antibacterial Properties. The imidazole-functionalized membrane not only enhances osmotic energy harvesting but also provides excellent antibacterial performance, offering a novel strategy for advanced separation membranes.