Handling quality indicators and evaluation of a lifting-wing quadcopter

Considering the challenges associated with handling quality (HQ) evaluation of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) hybrid vehicles throughout their full flight envelope, this paper focuses on a representative hybrid configuration, namely the lifting-wing quadcopter. The handling characteristics and relevant quality metrics applicable to each distinct flight phase are systematically analysed. Indicators specific to transition flight are quantitatively graded through simulated flight tests, providing a reliable basis for objective and comprehensive evaluation. Furthermore, modifications to the standard mission task element (MTE) flight test methodology are proposed to accommodate the unique operational attributes of lifting-wing quadcopters, along with a structured workflow for assessing HQs. Semi-physical simulation tests preliminarily validate the feasibility of translating graded indicator levels into practical test criteria during transition phases.