Failure Analysis of Graphite Stationary Ring Utilized in One Type of Mechanical Seal

The loss of kinetic energy of moving parts due to viscous friction of lubricant causes the reduction of piston pump efficiency. The viscosity of lubricant film is mainly affected by the thermal effect. In order to improve energy efficiency of piston pump, this research presents a numerical method to analyze the lubricant film characteristics in axial piston pump considering the thermal effect by the coupled multi-disciplinary model, which include the fluid flow field expressed by Reynolds equation, temperature field expressed by energy equation and heat transfer equation, kinematics expressed by the motion equation. The velocity and temperature distributions of the gap flow of piston/cylinder interface in steady state are numerically computed firstly. Then the distributions are validated by the experiment. Finally, by changing the thermal boundary condition, the influence of thermal effect on the lubricant film, the eccentricity and the contact time between the piston and cylinder are analyzed. Results show that with the increase of temperature, the contact time increases in the form of a hyperbolic tangent function, which will reduce the efficiency of the axial piston pump. There is a critical temperature beyond which the contact time will increase rapidly, thus this temperature is the recommended as a design value.