Exploration of Whole Blood Chromium as Biomarker of Hexavalent Chromium Exposure: Based on Literature Review and Monte Carlo Simulation

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a sort of common industrial poison and environmental pollutant posing great health threat to the population. Appropriate biomarkers are indispensable indicative tools in the biological monitoring and health risk assessment of Cr(VI). In this study, we explored the rationality and feasibility of whole blood Cr serving as the biomarker of internal exposure with corroboration drawn from literature review and Monte Carlo simulation. It was indicated that the whole blood Cr had practical operability in the large-scale population researches and robust biological significance with broad association with various Cr(VI)-related effect indices. The simulated distribution of whole blood Cr concentration in exposed populations was about three times higher than that of the control (13.52 ± 24.99 vs. 4.25 ± 11.37 μg/L, P < 0.05; 6.73 ± 10.92 μg/L vs. 1.96 ± 2.05 μg/L in China, P < 0.05), which suggested a great discriminatory ability that might be supported as evidence for its reasonable application.