Electrospun Nanofiber Architectures for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are regarded as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their intrinsic safety, environmental friendliness, and high energy density. However, their practical deployment is hindered by several challenges, including dendrite growth on the anode, dissolution and structural degradation of cathode materials, and the limitations of conventional separators. To address these issues, various materials have been explored. Among them, electrospun nanofibers have emerged as a particularly attractive solution owing to their controllable nanostructures, large specific surface area, and tunable porosity. Although the application of electrospun nanofibers in AZIBs has expanded rapidly in recent years, a systematic review focusing on this topic remains lacking. To fill this gap, this review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in leveraging electrospun nanofibers to overcome key limitations in AZIBs. Beginning with the fundamentals and structural design strategies of electrospinning, it highlights advances in their integration into cathodes, anode, and separators. Special emphasis is placed on elucidating the working mechanisms of the nanofibers and the structure–performance correlations between their microstructure and electrochemical properties. Finally, the review outlines future directions and remaining challenges in this field, aiming to offer valuable insights for the rational design of electrospun nanofiber architectures toward more efficient AZIBs.