Electron and Hole Mobility of SnO₂ from Full-Band Electron–Phonon and Ionized Impurity Scattering Computations

Mobility is a key parameter for SnO₂, which is extensively studied as a practical transparent oxide n-type semiconductor. In experiments, the mobility of electrons in bulk SnO₂ single crystals varies from 70 to 260 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ at room temperature. Here, we calculate the mobility as limited by electron–phonon and ionized impurity scattering by coupling the Boltzmann transport equation with density functional theory electronic structures. The linearized Boltzmann transport equation is solved numerically beyond the commonly employed constant relaxation-time approximation by taking into account all energy and momentum dependencies of the scattering rates. Acoustic deformation potential and polar optical phonons are considered for electron–phonon scattering, where polar optical phonon scattering is found to be the main factor which determines the mobility of both electrons and holes at room temperature. The calculated phonon-limited electron mobility is found to be 265 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹, whereas that of holes is found to be 7.6 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹. We present the mobility as a function of the carrier concentration, which shows the upper mobility limit. The large difference between the mobilities of n-type and p-type SnO₂ is a result of the different effective masses between electrons and holes.