Electric-Field Control of Spin and Orbital Hall Effects in a Nodal-Ring Heterostructure Independent of Spin-Orbit Coupling

The spin Hall effect (SHE) and the emerging orbital Hall effect (OHE) offer promising pathways for energy-efficient spintronic and orbitronic devices. However, achieving direct, continuous, and efficient electric-field control of spin and orbital Hall conductivities remains a significant challenge, as conventional approaches relying on modulation of Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC) face inherent limitations. Here, we propose hetero-nodal-ring (HNR) semimetals as a platform for effective electric-field tuning of both SHE and OHE. We demonstrate that the spin and orbital Berry curvatures of HNR exhibit distinct and sensitive responses to an external electric field, governed by the orbital characteristics of Bloch states and the tunable diameter of the HNR. This mechanism operates independently of SOC strength, enabling efficient and continuous modulation of spin and orbital Hall currents. Our findings provide a novel strategy for developing all-electrically controlled, high-precision spin-orbitronic devices.