Effect factors of part-load performance for various Organic Rankine cycles using in engine waste heat recovery

The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is regarded as one of the most promising waste heat recovery technologies for electricity generation engines. Since the engine usually operates under different working conditions, it is important to research the part-load performance of the ORC. In order to reveal the effect factors of part-load performance, four different forms of ORCs are compared in the study with dynamic math models established in SIMULINK. They are the ORC applying low temperature working fluid R245fa with a medium heat transfer cycle, the ORCs with high temperature working fluid toluene heated directly by exhaust condensing at low pressure and high pressure, and the double-stage ORC. It is regarded that the more slowly the system output power decreases, the better part-load performance it has. Based on a comparison among the four systems, the effects of evaporating pressure, condensing condition, working fluid, and system structure on part-load performance are revealed in the work. Further, it is found that the system which best matches with the heat source not only performs well under the design conditions, but also has excellent part-load performance.