Dynamic UH model considering particle crushing

The UH model considering particle crushing is expanded to dynamic UH (DUH) model by using the transformed stress (TS) method. There are three aspects developed in the proposed model: (1) the shape of yielding surface in UH model changes with the change of current stress state. The yielding surface in ordinary stress space is transformed into the ellipse yielding surface by adopting the TS method including p transformation; (2) the rotational hardening rule is adopted. The position and the shape of ellipse yielding surface are determined based on the value of rotational axis. The mixed hardening parameter considering isotropic hardening and rotational hardening is established; (3) the relationship between the reference yielding surface and the current yielding surface is established by means of the stress ratio R in TS space. There are fewer parameters in the proposed model. The reasonability of the proposed model is demonstrated by comparing with the test results of three kinds of geomaterials under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions.