Detection of two TeV gamma-ray outbursts from NGC 1275 by LHAASO

Zhen Cao; F. Aharonian; Axikegu; Y. X. Bai; Y. W. Bao; D. Bastieri; X. J. Bi; Y. J. Bi; W. Bian; A. V. Bukevich; Q. Cao; W. Y. Cao; Z. Cao; J. Chang; J. F. Chang; A. M. Chen; E. S. Chen; H. X. Chen; L. Chen; L. Chen; M. J. Chen; M. L. Chen; Q. H. Chen; S. Chen; S. H. Chen; S. Z. Chen; T. L. Chen; Y. Chen; N. Cheng; Y. D. Cheng; M. C. Chu; M. Y. Cui; S. W. Cui; X. H. Cui; Y. D. Cui; B. Z. Dai; H. L. Dai; Z. G. Dai; Danzengluobu; X. Q. Dong; K. K. Duan; J. H. Fan; Y. Z. Fan; J. Fang; J. H. Fang; K. Fang; C. F. Feng; H. Feng; L. Feng; S. H. Feng; X. T. Feng; Y. Feng; Y. L. Feng; S. Gabici; B. Gao; C. D. Gao; Q. Gao; W. Gao; W. K. Gao; M. M. Ge; T. T. Ge; L. S. Geng; G. Giacinti; G. H. Gong; Q. B. Gou; M. H. Gu; F. L. Guo; J. Guo; X. L. Guo; Y. Q. Guo; Y. Y. Guo; Y. A. Han; O. A. Hannuksela; M. Hasan; H. H. He; H. N. He; J. Y. He; Y. He; Y. K. Hor; B. W. Hou; C. Hou; H. B. Hu; Q. Hu; S. C. Hu; C. Huang; D. H. Huang; T. Q. Huang; W. J. Huang; X. T. Huang; X. Y. Huang; Y. Huang; Y. Y. Huang; X. L. Ji; H. Y. Jia; K. Jia; H. B. Jiang; K. Jiang; X. W. Jiang; Z. J. Jiang; M. Jin; M. M. Kang; I. Karpikov; D. Khangulyan; D. Kuleshov; K. Kurinov; B. B. Li; C. M. Li; C. Li; C. Li; D. Li; F. Li; H. B. Li; H. C. Li; J. Li; J. Li; K. Li; S. D. Li; W. L. Li; W. L. Li; X. R. Li; X. Li; Y. Z. Li; Z. Li; Z. Li; E. W. Liang; Y. F. Liang; S. J. Lin; B. Liu; C. Liu; D. Liu; D. B. Liu; H. Liu; H. D. Liu; J. Liu; J. L. Liu; M. Y. Liu; R. Y. Liu; S. M. Liu; W. Liu; Y. Liu; Y. N. Liu; Q. Luo; Y. Luo; H. K. Lv; B. Q. Ma; L. L. Ma; X. H. Ma; J. R. Mao; Z. Min; W. Mitthumsiri; H. J. Mu; Y. C. Nan; A. Neronov; K. C.Y. Ng; L. J. Ou; P. Pattarakijwanich; Z. Y. Pei; J. C. Qi; M. Y. Qi; B. Q. Qiao; J. J. Qin; A. Raza; D. Ruffolo; A. Sáiz; M. Saeed; D. Semikoz; L. Shao; O. Shchegolev; X. D. Sheng; F. W. Shu; H. C. Song; Yu V. Stenkin; V. Stepanov; Y. Su; D. X. Sun; Q. N. Sun; X. N. Sun; Z. B. Sun; J. Takata; P. H.T. Tam; Q. W. Tang; R. Tang; Z. B. Tang; W. W. Tian; L. H. Wan; C. Wang; C. B. Wang; G. W. Wang; H. G. Wang; H. H. Wang; J. C. Wang; K. Wang; K. Wang; L. P. Wang; L. Y. Wang; P. H. Wang; R. Wang; W. Wang; X. G. Wang; X. Y. Wang; Y. Wang; Y. D. Wang; Y. J. Wang; Z. H. Wang; Z. X. Wang; Z. Wang; Z. Wang; D. M. Wei; J. J. Wei; Y. J. Wei; T. Wen; C. Y. Wu; H. R. Wu; Q. W. Wu; S. Wu; X. F. Wu; Y. S. Wu; S. Q. Xi; J. Xia; G. M. Xiang; D. X. Xiao; G. Xiao; Y. L. Xin; Y. Xing; D. R. Xiong; Z. Xiong; D. L. Xu; R. F. Xu; R. X. Xu; W. L. Xu; L. Xue; D. H. Yan; J. Z. Yan; T. Yan; C. W. Yang; C. Y. Yang; F. Yang; F. F. Yang; L. L. Yang; M. J. Yang; R. Z. Yang; W. X. Yang; Y. H. Yao; Z. G. Yao; L. Q. Yin; N. Yin; X. H. You; Z. Y. You; Y. H. Yu; Q. Yuan; H. Yue; H. D. Zeng; T. X. Zeng; W. Zeng; M. Zha; B. B. Zhang; F. Zhang; H. Zhang; H. M. Zhang; H. Y. Zhang; J. L. Zhang; L. Zhang; P. F. Zhang; P. P. Zhang; R. Zhang; S. B. Zhang; S. R. Zhang; S. S. Zhang; X. Zhang; X. P. Zhang; Y. F. Zhang; Y. Zhang; Y. Zhang; B. Zhao; J. Zhao; L. Zhao; L. Z. Zhao; S. P. Zhao; X. H. Zhao; F. Zheng; W. J. Zhong; B. Zhou; H. Zhou; J. N. Zhou; M. Zhou; P. Zhou; R. Zhou; X. X. Zhou; X. X. Zhou; B. Y. Zhu; C. G. Zhu; F. R. Zhu; H. Zhu; K. J. Zhu; Y. C. Zou; X. Zuo

doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2512

Detection of two TeV gamma-ray outbursts from NGC 1275 by LHAASO

Zhen Cao
, F. Aharonian
, Axikegu
, Y. X. Bai
, Y. W. Bao
, D. Bastieri
, X. J. Bi
, Y. J. Bi
, W. Bian
, A. V. Bukevich
, Q. Cao
, W. Y. Cao
, Z. Cao
, J. Chang
, J. F. Chang
, A. M. Chen
, E. S. Chen
, H. X. Chen
, L. Chen
, L. Chen

M. J. Chen, M. L. Chen, Q. H. Chen, S. Chen, S. H. Chen, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Y. D. Cheng, M. C. Chu, M. Y. Cui, S. W. Cui, X. H. Cui, Y. D. Cui, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, Z. G. Dai, Danzengluobu, X. Q. Dong, K. K. Duan, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, J. Fang, J. H. Fang, K. Fang, C. F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S. H. Feng, X. T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y. L. Feng, S. Gabici, B. Gao, C. D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W. K. Gao, M. M. Ge, T. T. Ge, L. S. Geng, G. Giacinti, G. H. Gong, Q. B. Gou, M. H. Gu, F. L. Guo, J. Guo, X. L. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, Y. A. Han, O. A. Hannuksela, M. Hasan, H. H. He, H. N. He, J. Y. He, Y. He, Y. K. Hor, B. W. Hou, C. Hou, H. B. Hu, Q. Hu, S. C. Hu, C. Huang, D. H. Huang, T. Q. Huang, W. J. Huang, X. T. Huang, X. Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Y. Y. Huang, X. L. Ji, H. Y. Jia, K. Jia, H. B. Jiang, K. Jiang, X. W. Jiang, Z. J. Jiang, M. Jin, M. M. Kang, I. Karpikov, D. Khangulyan, D. Kuleshov, K. Kurinov, B. B. Li, C. M. Li, C. Li, C. Li, D. Li, F. Li, H. B. Li, H. C. Li, J. Li, J. Li, K. Li, S. D. Li, W. L. Li, W. L. Li, X. R. Li, X. Li, Y. Z. Li, Z. Li, Z. Li, E. W. Liang, Y. F. Liang, S. J. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D. B. Liu, H. Liu, H. D. Liu, J. Liu, J. L. Liu, M. Y. Liu, R. Y. Liu, S. M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. N. Liu, Q. Luo, Y. Luo, H. K. Lv, B. Q. Ma, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, J. R. Mao, Z. Min, W. Mitthumsiri, H. J. Mu, Y. C. Nan, A. Neronov, K. C.Y. Ng, L. J. Ou, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z. Y. Pei, J. C. Qi, M. Y. Qi, B. Q. Qiao, J. J. Qin, A. Raza, D. Ruffolo, A. Sáiz, M. Saeed, D. Semikoz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, X. D. Sheng, F. W. Shu, H. C. Song, Yu V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Y. Su, D. X. Sun, Q. N. Sun, X. N. Sun, Z. B. Sun, J. Takata, P. H.T. Tam, Q. W. Tang, R. Tang, Z. B. Tang, W. W. Tian, L. H. Wan, C. Wang, C. B. Wang, G. W. Wang, H. G. Wang, H. H. Wang, J. C. Wang, K. Wang, K. Wang, L. P. Wang, L. Y. Wang, P. H. Wang, R. Wang^*, W. Wang, X. G. Wang, X. Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Z. H. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, D. M. Wei, J. J. Wei, Y. J. Wei, T. Wen, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, Q. W. Wu, S. Wu, X. F. Wu, Y. S. Wu, S. Q. Xi, J. Xia, G. M. Xiang, D. X. Xiao, G. Xiao, Y. L. Xin, Y. Xing, D. R. Xiong, Z. Xiong, D. L. Xu, R. F. Xu, R. X. Xu, W. L. Xu, L. Xue, D. H. Yan, J. Z. Yan, T. Yan, C. W. Yang, C. Y. Yang^*, F. Yang, F. F. Yang, L. L. Yang, M. J. Yang, R. Z. Yang, W. X. Yang, Y. H. Yao, Z. G. Yao, L. Q. Yin, N. Yin, X. H. You, Z. Y. You, Y. H. Yu, Q. Yuan, H. Yue, H. D. Zeng, T. X. Zeng, W. Zeng, M. Zha^*, B. B. Zhang, F. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. M. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, P. F. Zhang, P. P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. B. Zhang, S. R. Zhang, S. S. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. F. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, B. Zhao, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L. Z. Zhao, S. P. Zhao, X. H. Zhao, F. Zheng, W. J. Zhong, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J. N. Zhou, M. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X. X. Zhou, X. X. Zhou, B. Y. Zhu, C. G. Zhu, F. R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, Y. C. Zou, X. Zuo

^*Corresponding author for this work

CAS - Institute of High Energy Physics
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center
Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
Southwest Jiaotong University
Nanjing University
Guangzhou University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Hebei Normal University
University of Science and Technology of China
University of Science and Technology of China
CAS - Purple Mountain Observatory
Zhejiang Lab
CAS - Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Yunnan University
Tibet University
Chinese University of Hong Kong
CAS - National Astronomical Observatories
Sun Yat-Sen University
Shandong University
Université Paris Cité
Tsinghua University
Zhengzhou University
China Center of Advanced Science and Technology World Laboratory
Sichuan University
Peking University
Guangxi University
Mahidol University
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Nanchang University
CAS - National Space Science Center
Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) is one of the components of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) and can monitor any sources over two-thirds of the sky for up to 7 h per day with >98 per cent duty cycle. In this work, we report the detection of two outbursts of the Fanaroff–Riley I radio galaxy NGC 1275 that were detected by LHAASO-WCDA between 2022 November and 2023 January with statistical significance of 5.2σ and 8.3σ. The observed spectral energy distribution in the range from 500 GeV to 3 TeV is fitted by a power law with the best-fitting spectral index of α = −3.37 ± 0.52 and −3.35 ± 0.29, respectively. The outburst flux above 0.5 TeV was (4.55 ± 4.21) × 10⁻¹¹ cm⁻² s⁻¹ and (3.45 ± 1.78) × 10⁻¹¹ cm⁻² s⁻¹, corresponding to 60 per cent and 45 per cent of Crab Nebula flux, respectively. Variation analysis reveals the variability time-scale of days at the TeV energy band. A simple test by one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model reproduces the data in the gamma-ray band well.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1860-1869
Number of pages	10
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	540
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2512
State	Published - 1 Jun 2025
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

galaxies: active
galaxies: jets
gamma-rays: general
methods: data analysis
methods: statistical

Access to Document

10.1093/mnras/stae2512

Cite this

Cao, Z., Aharonian, F., Axikegu, Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Bian, W., Bukevich, A. V., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Z., Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, H. X., Chen, L., ... Zuo, X. (2025). Detection of two TeV gamma-ray outbursts from NGC 1275 by LHAASO. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 540(2), 1860-1869. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2512

@article{fd30c89b8c9140c3a29da09ea5870c9e,

title = "Detection of two TeV gamma-ray outbursts from NGC 1275 by LHAASO",

abstract = "The Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) is one of the components of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) and can monitor any sources over two-thirds of the sky for up to 7 h per day with >98 per cent duty cycle. In this work, we report the detection of two outbursts of the Fanaroff–Riley I radio galaxy NGC 1275 that were detected by LHAASO-WCDA between 2022 November and 2023 January with statistical significance of 5.2σ and 8.3σ. The observed spectral energy distribution in the range from 500 GeV to 3 TeV is fitted by a power law with the best-fitting spectral index of α = −3.37 ± 0.52 and −3.35 ± 0.29, respectively. The outburst flux above 0.5 TeV was (4.55 ± 4.21) × 10−11 cm−2 s−1 and (3.45 ± 1.78) × 10−11 cm−2 s−1, corresponding to 60 per cent and 45 per cent of Crab Nebula flux, respectively. Variation analysis reveals the variability time-scale of days at the TeV energy band. A simple test by one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model reproduces the data in the gamma-ray band well.",

keywords = "galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, gamma-rays: general, methods: data analysis, methods: statistical",

author = "Zhen Cao and F. Aharonian and Axikegu and Bai, \{Y. X.\} and Bao, \{Y. W.\} and D. Bastieri and Bi, \{X. J.\} and Bi, \{Y. J.\} and W. Bian and Bukevich, \{A. V.\} and Q. Cao and Cao, \{W. Y.\} and Z. Cao and J. Chang and Chang, \{J. F.\} and Chen, \{A. M.\} and Chen, \{E. S.\} and Chen, \{H. X.\} and L. Chen and L. Chen and Chen, \{M. J.\} and Chen, \{M. L.\} and Chen, \{Q. H.\} and S. Chen and Chen, \{S. H.\} and Chen, \{S. Z.\} and Chen, \{T. L.\} and Y. Chen and N. Cheng and Cheng, \{Y. D.\} and Chu, \{M. C.\} and Cui, \{M. Y.\} and Cui, \{S. W.\} and Cui, \{X. H.\} and Cui, \{Y. D.\} and Dai, \{B. Z.\} and Dai, \{H. L.\} and Dai, \{Z. G.\} and Danzengluobu and Dong, \{X. Q.\} and Duan, \{K. K.\} and Fan, \{J. H.\} and Fan, \{Y. Z.\} and J. Fang and Fang, \{J. H.\} and K. Fang and Feng, \{C. F.\} and H. Feng and L. Feng and Feng, \{S. H.\} and Feng, \{X. T.\} and Y. Feng and Feng, \{Y. L.\} and S. Gabici and B. Gao and Gao, \{C. D.\} and Q. Gao and W. Gao and Gao, \{W. K.\} and Ge, \{M. M.\} and Ge, \{T. T.\} and Geng, \{L. S.\} and G. Giacinti and Gong, \{G. H.\} and Gou, \{Q. B.\} and Gu, \{M. H.\} and Guo, \{F. L.\} and J. Guo and Guo, \{X. L.\} and Guo, \{Y. Q.\} and Guo, \{Y. Y.\} and Han, \{Y. A.\} and Hannuksela, \{O. A.\} and M. Hasan and He, \{H. H.\} and He, \{H. N.\} and He, \{J. Y.\} and Y. He and Hor, \{Y. K.\} and Hou, \{B. W.\} and C. Hou and Hu, \{H. B.\} and Q. Hu and Hu, \{S. C.\} and C. Huang and Huang, \{D. H.\} and Huang, \{T. Q.\} and Huang, \{W. J.\} and Huang, \{X. T.\} and Huang, \{X. Y.\} and Y. Huang and Huang, \{Y. Y.\} and Ji, \{X. L.\} and Jia, \{H. Y.\} and K. Jia and Jiang, \{H. B.\} and K. Jiang and Jiang, \{X. W.\} and Jiang, \{Z. J.\} and M. Jin and Kang, \{M. M.\} and I. Karpikov and D. Khangulyan and D. Kuleshov and K. Kurinov and Li, \{B. B.\} and Li, \{C. M.\} and C. Li and C. Li and D. Li and F. Li and Li, \{H. B.\} and Li, \{H. C.\} and J. Li and J. Li and K. Li and Li, \{S. D.\} and Li, \{W. L.\} and Li, \{W. L.\} and Li, \{X. R.\} and X. Li and Li, \{Y. Z.\} and Z. Li and Z. Li and Liang, \{E. W.\} and Liang, \{Y. F.\} and Lin, \{S. J.\} and B. Liu and C. Liu and D. Liu and Liu, \{D. B.\} and H. Liu and Liu, \{H. D.\} and J. Liu and Liu, \{J. L.\} and Liu, \{M. Y.\} and Liu, \{R. Y.\} and Liu, \{S. M.\} and W. Liu and Y. Liu and Liu, \{Y. N.\} and Q. Luo and Y. Luo and Lv, \{H. K.\} and Ma, \{B. Q.\} and Ma, \{L. L.\} and Ma, \{X. H.\} and Mao, \{J. R.\} and Z. Min and W. Mitthumsiri and Mu, \{H. J.\} and Nan, \{Y. C.\} and A. Neronov and Ng, \{K. C.Y.\} and Ou, \{L. J.\} and P. Pattarakijwanich and Pei, \{Z. Y.\} and Qi, \{J. C.\} and Qi, \{M. Y.\} and Qiao, \{B. Q.\} and Qin, \{J. J.\} and A. Raza and D. Ruffolo and A. S{\'a}iz and M. Saeed and D. Semikoz and L. Shao and O. Shchegolev and Sheng, \{X. D.\} and Shu, \{F. W.\} and Song, \{H. C.\} and Stenkin, \{Yu V.\} and V. Stepanov and Y. Su and Sun, \{D. X.\} and Sun, \{Q. N.\} and Sun, \{X. N.\} and Sun, \{Z. B.\} and J. Takata and Tam, \{P. H.T.\} and Tang, \{Q. W.\} and R. Tang and Tang, \{Z. B.\} and Tian, \{W. W.\} and Wan, \{L. H.\} and C. Wang and Wang, \{C. B.\} and Wang, \{G. W.\} and Wang, \{H. G.\} and Wang, \{H. H.\} and Wang, \{J. C.\} and K. Wang and K. Wang and Wang, \{L. P.\} and Wang, \{L. Y.\} and Wang, \{P. H.\} and R. Wang and W. Wang and Wang, \{X. G.\} and Wang, \{X. Y.\} and Y. Wang and Wang, \{Y. D.\} and Wang, \{Y. J.\} and Wang, \{Z. H.\} and Wang, \{Z. X.\} and Z. Wang and Z. Wang and Wei, \{D. M.\} and Wei, \{J. J.\} and Wei, \{Y. J.\} and T. Wen and Wu, \{C. Y.\} and Wu, \{H. R.\} and Wu, \{Q. W.\} and S. Wu and Wu, \{X. F.\} and Wu, \{Y. S.\} and Xi, \{S. Q.\} and J. Xia and Xiang, \{G. M.\} and Xiao, \{D. X.\} and G. Xiao and Xin, \{Y. L.\} and Y. Xing and Xiong, \{D. R.\} and Z. Xiong and Xu, \{D. L.\} and Xu, \{R. F.\} and Xu, \{R. X.\} and Xu, \{W. L.\} and L. Xue and Yan, \{D. H.\} and Yan, \{J. Z.\} and T. Yan and Yang, \{C. W.\} and Yang, \{C. Y.\} and F. Yang and Yang, \{F. F.\} and Yang, \{L. L.\} and Yang, \{M. J.\} and Yang, \{R. Z.\} and Yang, \{W. X.\} and Yao, \{Y. H.\} and Yao, \{Z. G.\} and Yin, \{L. Q.\} and N. Yin and You, \{X. H.\} and You, \{Z. Y.\} and Yu, \{Y. H.\} and Q. Yuan and H. Yue and Zeng, \{H. D.\} and Zeng, \{T. X.\} and W. Zeng and M. Zha and Zhang, \{B. B.\} and F. Zhang and H. Zhang and Zhang, \{H. M.\} and Zhang, \{H. Y.\} and Zhang, \{J. L.\} and L. Zhang and Zhang, \{P. F.\} and Zhang, \{P. P.\} and R. Zhang and Zhang, \{S. B.\} and Zhang, \{S. R.\} and Zhang, \{S. S.\} and X. Zhang and Zhang, \{X. P.\} and Zhang, \{Y. F.\} and Y. Zhang and Y. Zhang and B. Zhao and J. Zhao and L. Zhao and Zhao, \{L. Z.\} and Zhao, \{S. P.\} and Zhao, \{X. H.\} and F. Zheng and Zhong, \{W. J.\} and B. Zhou and H. Zhou and Zhou, \{J. N.\} and M. Zhou and P. Zhou and R. Zhou and Zhou, \{X. X.\} and Zhou, \{X. X.\} and Zhu, \{B. Y.\} and Zhu, \{C. G.\} and Zhu, \{F. R.\} and H. Zhu and Zhu, \{K. J.\} and Zou, \{Y. C.\} and X. Zuo",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 The Author(s).",

year = "2025",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stae2512",

language = "英语",

volume = "540",

pages = "1860--1869",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "2",

}

Cao, Z, Aharonian, F, Axikegu, Bai, YX, Bao, YW, Bastieri, D, Bi, XJ, Bi, YJ, Bian, W, Bukevich, AV, Cao, Q, Cao, WY, Cao, Z, Chang, J, Chang, JF, Chen, AM, Chen, ES, Chen, HX, Chen, L, Chen, L, Chen, MJ, Chen, ML, Chen, QH, Chen, S, Chen, SH, Chen, SZ, Chen, TL, Chen, Y, Cheng, N, Cheng, YD, Chu, MC, Cui, MY, Cui, SW, Cui, XH, Cui, YD, Dai, BZ, Dai, HL, Dai, ZG, Danzengluobu, Dong, XQ, Duan, KK, Fan, JH, Fan, YZ, Fang, J, Fang, JH, Fang, K, Feng, CF, Feng, H, Feng, L, Feng, SH, Feng, XT, Feng, Y, Feng, YL, Gabici, S, Gao, B, Gao, CD, Gao, Q, Gao, W, Gao, WK, Ge, MM, Ge, TT, Geng, LS, Giacinti, G, Gong, GH, Gou, QB, Gu, MH, Guo, FL, Guo, J, Guo, XL, Guo, YQ, Guo, YY, Han, YA, Hannuksela, OA, Hasan, M, He, HH, He, HN, He, JY, He, Y, Hor, YK, Hou, BW, Hou, C, Hu, HB, Hu, Q, Hu, SC, Huang, C, Huang, DH, Huang, TQ, Huang, WJ, Huang, XT, Huang, XY, Huang, Y, Huang, YY, Ji, XL, Jia, HY, Jia, K, Jiang, HB, Jiang, K, Jiang, XW, Jiang, ZJ, Jin, M, Kang, MM, Karpikov, I, Khangulyan, D, Kuleshov, D, Kurinov, K, Li, BB, Li, CM, Li, C, Li, C, Li, D, Li, F, Li, HB, Li, HC, Li, J, Li, J, Li, K, Li, SD, Li, WL, Li, WL, Li, XR, Li, X, Li, YZ, Li, Z, Li, Z, Liang, EW, Liang, YF, Lin, SJ, Liu, B, Liu, C, Liu, D, Liu, DB, Liu, H, Liu, HD, Liu, J, Liu, JL, Liu, MY, Liu, RY, Liu, SM, Liu, W, Liu, Y, Liu, YN, Luo, Q, Luo, Y, Lv, HK, Ma, BQ, Ma, LL, Ma, XH, Mao, JR, Min, Z, Mitthumsiri, W, Mu, HJ, Nan, YC, Neronov, A, Ng, KCY, Ou, LJ, Pattarakijwanich, P, Pei, ZY, Qi, JC, Qi, MY, Qiao, BQ, Qin, JJ, Raza, A, Ruffolo, D, Sáiz, A, Saeed, M, Semikoz, D, Shao, L, Shchegolev, O, Sheng, XD, Shu, FW, Song, HC, Stenkin, YV, Stepanov, V, Su, Y, Sun, DX, Sun, QN, Sun, XN, Sun, ZB, Takata, J, Tam, PHT, Tang, QW, Tang, R, Tang, ZB, Tian, WW, Wan, LH, Wang, C, Wang, CB, Wang, GW, Wang, HG, Wang, HH, Wang, JC, Wang, K, Wang, K, Wang, LP, Wang, LY, Wang, PH, Wang, R, Wang, W, Wang, XG, Wang, XY, Wang, Y, Wang, YD, Wang, YJ, Wang, ZH, Wang, ZX, Wang, Z, Wang, Z, Wei, DM, Wei, JJ, Wei, YJ, Wen, T, Wu, CY, Wu, HR, Wu, QW, Wu, S, Wu, XF, Wu, YS, Xi, SQ, Xia, J, Xiang, GM, Xiao, DX, Xiao, G, Xin, YL, Xing, Y, Xiong, DR, Xiong, Z, Xu, DL, Xu, RF, Xu, RX, Xu, WL, Xue, L, Yan, DH, Yan, JZ, Yan, T, Yang, CW, Yang, CY, Yang, F, Yang, FF, Yang, LL, Yang, MJ, Yang, RZ, Yang, WX, Yao, YH, Yao, ZG, Yin, LQ, Yin, N, You, XH, You, ZY, Yu, YH, Yuan, Q, Yue, H, Zeng, HD, Zeng, TX, Zeng, W, Zha, M, Zhang, BB, Zhang, F, Zhang, H, Zhang, HM, Zhang, HY, Zhang, JL, Zhang, L, Zhang, PF, Zhang, PP, Zhang, R, Zhang, SB, Zhang, SR, Zhang, SS, Zhang, X, Zhang, XP, Zhang, YF, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Y, Zhao, B, Zhao, J, Zhao, L, Zhao, LZ, Zhao, SP, Zhao, XH, Zheng, F, Zhong, WJ, Zhou, B, Zhou, H, Zhou, JN, Zhou, M, Zhou, P, Zhou, R, Zhou, XX, Zhou, XX, Zhu, BY, Zhu, CG, Zhu, FR, Zhu, H, Zhu, KJ, Zou, YC & Zuo, X 2025, 'Detection of two TeV gamma-ray outbursts from NGC 1275 by LHAASO', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 540, no. 2, pp. 1860-1869. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2512

TY - JOUR

T1 - Detection of two TeV gamma-ray outbursts from NGC 1275 by LHAASO

AU - Cao, Zhen

AU - Aharonian, F.

AU - Axikegu,

AU - Bai, Y. X.

AU - Bao, Y. W.

AU - Bastieri, D.

AU - Bi, X. J.

AU - Bi, Y. J.

AU - Bian, W.

AU - Bukevich, A. V.

AU - Cao, Q.

AU - Cao, W. Y.

AU - Cao, Z.

AU - Chang, J.

AU - Chang, J. F.

AU - Chen, A. M.

AU - Chen, E. S.

AU - Chen, H. X.

AU - Chen, L.

AU - Chen, M. J.

AU - Chen, M. L.

AU - Chen, Q. H.

AU - Chen, S.

AU - Chen, S. H.

AU - Chen, S. Z.

AU - Chen, T. L.

AU - Chen, Y.

AU - Cheng, N.

AU - Cheng, Y. D.

AU - Chu, M. C.

AU - Cui, M. Y.

AU - Cui, S. W.

AU - Cui, X. H.

AU - Cui, Y. D.

AU - Dai, B. Z.

AU - Dai, H. L.

AU - Dai, Z. G.

AU - Danzengluobu,

AU - Dong, X. Q.

AU - Duan, K. K.

AU - Fan, J. H.

AU - Fan, Y. Z.

AU - Fang, J.

AU - Fang, J. H.

AU - Fang, K.

AU - Feng, C. F.

AU - Feng, H.

AU - Feng, L.

AU - Feng, S. H.

AU - Feng, X. T.

AU - Feng, Y.

AU - Feng, Y. L.

AU - Gabici, S.

AU - Gao, B.

AU - Gao, C. D.

AU - Gao, Q.

AU - Gao, W.

AU - Gao, W. K.

AU - Ge, M. M.

AU - Ge, T. T.

AU - Geng, L. S.

AU - Giacinti, G.

AU - Gong, G. H.

AU - Gou, Q. B.

AU - Gu, M. H.

AU - Guo, F. L.

AU - Guo, J.

AU - Guo, X. L.

AU - Guo, Y. Q.

AU - Guo, Y. Y.

AU - Han, Y. A.

AU - Hannuksela, O. A.

AU - Hasan, M.

AU - He, H. H.

AU - He, H. N.

AU - He, J. Y.

AU - He, Y.

AU - Hor, Y. K.

AU - Hou, B. W.

AU - Hou, C.

AU - Hu, H. B.

AU - Hu, Q.

AU - Hu, S. C.

AU - Huang, C.

AU - Huang, D. H.

AU - Huang, T. Q.

AU - Huang, W. J.

AU - Huang, X. T.

AU - Huang, X. Y.

AU - Huang, Y.

AU - Huang, Y. Y.

AU - Ji, X. L.

AU - Jia, H. Y.

AU - Jia, K.

AU - Jiang, H. B.

AU - Jiang, K.

AU - Jiang, X. W.

AU - Jiang, Z. J.

AU - Jin, M.

AU - Kang, M. M.

AU - Karpikov, I.

AU - Khangulyan, D.

AU - Kuleshov, D.

AU - Kurinov, K.

AU - Li, B. B.

AU - Li, C. M.

AU - Li, C.

AU - Li, D.

AU - Li, F.

AU - Li, H. B.

AU - Li, H. C.

AU - Li, J.

AU - Li, K.

AU - Li, S. D.

AU - Li, W. L.

AU - Li, X. R.

AU - Li, X.

AU - Li, Y. Z.

AU - Li, Z.

AU - Liang, E. W.

AU - Liang, Y. F.

AU - Lin, S. J.

AU - Liu, B.

AU - Liu, C.

AU - Liu, D.

AU - Liu, D. B.

AU - Liu, H.

AU - Liu, H. D.

AU - Liu, J.

AU - Liu, J. L.

AU - Liu, M. Y.

AU - Liu, R. Y.

AU - Liu, S. M.

AU - Liu, W.

AU - Liu, Y.

AU - Liu, Y. N.

AU - Luo, Q.

AU - Luo, Y.

AU - Lv, H. K.

AU - Ma, B. Q.

AU - Ma, L. L.

AU - Ma, X. H.

AU - Mao, J. R.

AU - Min, Z.

AU - Mitthumsiri, W.

AU - Mu, H. J.

AU - Nan, Y. C.

AU - Neronov, A.

AU - Ng, K. C.Y.

AU - Ou, L. J.

AU - Pattarakijwanich, P.

AU - Pei, Z. Y.

AU - Qi, J. C.

AU - Qi, M. Y.

AU - Qiao, B. Q.

AU - Qin, J. J.

AU - Raza, A.

AU - Ruffolo, D.

AU - Sáiz, A.

AU - Saeed, M.

AU - Semikoz, D.

AU - Shao, L.

AU - Shchegolev, O.

AU - Sheng, X. D.

AU - Shu, F. W.

AU - Song, H. C.

AU - Stenkin, Yu V.

AU - Stepanov, V.

AU - Su, Y.

AU - Sun, D. X.

AU - Sun, Q. N.

AU - Sun, X. N.

AU - Sun, Z. B.

AU - Takata, J.

AU - Tam, P. H.T.

AU - Tang, Q. W.

AU - Tang, R.

AU - Tang, Z. B.

AU - Tian, W. W.

AU - Wan, L. H.

AU - Wang, C.

AU - Wang, C. B.

AU - Wang, G. W.

AU - Wang, H. G.

AU - Wang, H. H.

AU - Wang, J. C.

AU - Wang, K.

AU - Wang, L. P.

AU - Wang, L. Y.

AU - Wang, P. H.

AU - Wang, R.

AU - Wang, W.

AU - Wang, X. G.

AU - Wang, X. Y.

AU - Wang, Y.

AU - Wang, Y. D.

AU - Wang, Y. J.

AU - Wang, Z. H.

AU - Wang, Z. X.

AU - Wang, Z.

AU - Wei, D. M.

AU - Wei, J. J.

AU - Wei, Y. J.

AU - Wen, T.

AU - Wu, C. Y.

AU - Wu, H. R.

AU - Wu, Q. W.

AU - Wu, S.

AU - Wu, X. F.

AU - Wu, Y. S.

AU - Xi, S. Q.

AU - Xia, J.

AU - Xiang, G. M.

AU - Xiao, D. X.

AU - Xiao, G.

AU - Xin, Y. L.

AU - Xing, Y.

AU - Xiong, D. R.

AU - Xiong, Z.

AU - Xu, D. L.

AU - Xu, R. F.

AU - Xu, R. X.

AU - Xu, W. L.

AU - Xue, L.

AU - Yan, D. H.

AU - Yan, J. Z.

AU - Yan, T.

AU - Yang, C. W.

AU - Yang, C. Y.

AU - Yang, F.

AU - Yang, F. F.

AU - Yang, L. L.

AU - Yang, M. J.

AU - Yang, R. Z.

AU - Yang, W. X.

AU - Yao, Y. H.

AU - Yao, Z. G.

AU - Yin, L. Q.

AU - Yin, N.

AU - You, X. H.

AU - You, Z. Y.

AU - Yu, Y. H.

AU - Yuan, Q.

AU - Yue, H.

AU - Zeng, H. D.

AU - Zeng, T. X.

AU - Zeng, W.

AU - Zha, M.

AU - Zhang, B. B.

AU - Zhang, F.

AU - Zhang, H.

AU - Zhang, H. M.

AU - Zhang, H. Y.

AU - Zhang, J. L.

AU - Zhang, L.

AU - Zhang, P. F.

AU - Zhang, P. P.

AU - Zhang, R.

AU - Zhang, S. B.

AU - Zhang, S. R.

AU - Zhang, S. S.

AU - Zhang, X.

AU - Zhang, X. P.

AU - Zhang, Y. F.

AU - Zhang, Y.

AU - Zhao, B.

AU - Zhao, J.

AU - Zhao, L.

AU - Zhao, L. Z.

AU - Zhao, S. P.

AU - Zhao, X. H.

AU - Zheng, F.

AU - Zhong, W. J.

AU - Zhou, B.

AU - Zhou, H.

AU - Zhou, J. N.

AU - Zhou, M.

AU - Zhou, P.

AU - Zhou, R.

AU - Zhou, X. X.

AU - Zhu, B. Y.

AU - Zhu, C. G.

AU - Zhu, F. R.

AU - Zhu, H.

AU - Zhu, K. J.

AU - Zou, Y. C.

AU - Zuo, X.

PY - 2025/6/1

Y1 - 2025/6/1

N2 - The Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) is one of the components of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) and can monitor any sources over two-thirds of the sky for up to 7 h per day with >98 per cent duty cycle. In this work, we report the detection of two outbursts of the Fanaroff–Riley I radio galaxy NGC 1275 that were detected by LHAASO-WCDA between 2022 November and 2023 January with statistical significance of 5.2σ and 8.3σ. The observed spectral energy distribution in the range from 500 GeV to 3 TeV is fitted by a power law with the best-fitting spectral index of α = −3.37 ± 0.52 and −3.35 ± 0.29, respectively. The outburst flux above 0.5 TeV was (4.55 ± 4.21) × 10−11 cm−2 s−1 and (3.45 ± 1.78) × 10−11 cm−2 s−1, corresponding to 60 per cent and 45 per cent of Crab Nebula flux, respectively. Variation analysis reveals the variability time-scale of days at the TeV energy band. A simple test by one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model reproduces the data in the gamma-ray band well.

AB - The Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) is one of the components of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) and can monitor any sources over two-thirds of the sky for up to 7 h per day with >98 per cent duty cycle. In this work, we report the detection of two outbursts of the Fanaroff–Riley I radio galaxy NGC 1275 that were detected by LHAASO-WCDA between 2022 November and 2023 January with statistical significance of 5.2σ and 8.3σ. The observed spectral energy distribution in the range from 500 GeV to 3 TeV is fitted by a power law with the best-fitting spectral index of α = −3.37 ± 0.52 and −3.35 ± 0.29, respectively. The outburst flux above 0.5 TeV was (4.55 ± 4.21) × 10−11 cm−2 s−1 and (3.45 ± 1.78) × 10−11 cm−2 s−1, corresponding to 60 per cent and 45 per cent of Crab Nebula flux, respectively. Variation analysis reveals the variability time-scale of days at the TeV energy band. A simple test by one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model reproduces the data in the gamma-ray band well.

KW - galaxies: active

KW - galaxies: jets

KW - gamma-rays: general

KW - methods: data analysis

KW - methods: statistical

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105008078460

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stae2512

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stae2512

M3 - 文章

AN - SCOPUS:105008078460

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 540

SP - 1860

EP - 1869

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 2

ER -

Detection of two TeV gamma-ray outbursts from NGC 1275 by LHAASO

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