Depth Model and 5-Axis Variable-Angle Laser Engraving Experiment Based on the Energy Conservation Principle

To ensure the consistency of laser engraving depth in chemical milling, the precise control of 5-axis variable-angle laser engraving was the focus of research. Based on the energy conservation principle, the depth model of 5-axis variable-angle laser engraving is established, and the relationships among the laser engraving depth, laser power, scanning velocity, and beam axis angle are proposed. A depth-constraint real-time adaptive control method of laser power is proposed considering the variable scanning velocity and beam axis angles. The depth model parameters are identified by an orthogonal experiment, and a variable-angle laser engraving experiment with adaptive control of laser power is carried out. The coefficient of determination of the proposed depth model is 0.977, which means that the engraving depth model established in this paper predicts the engraving depth effectively and reliably. The depth-constraint adaptive control method of laser power obtains stable and uniform machining results under abrupt changes in scanning velocity and beam axis angles.