Controlled generation of soliton molecules from a dispersion-managed Tm-doped fiber laser with BP-SA

We report the experimental observation of soliton molecules in a dispersion-managed thulium-doped (Tm-doped) fiber laser utilizing a black phosphorus saturable absorber (BP-SA). A variety of soliton molecules can be detected with the increase of pump power and the adjustment of cavity polarization state. Additionally, we use numerical simulation to investigate the soliton dynamics and further explore soliton molecules with variable and controllable properties. Stable separation-changeable soliton molecule has been numerically observed through changing small signal gain G in the cavity. These results enhance research into multi-soliton complexes as well as its practical application.