CHAIN: Cyber hierarchy and interactional network

The open complex giant systems, such as energy internet, communication, transportation and environment, have the characteristics of openness, complexity, evolution, hierarchy and largeness, with unclear mechanisms, time-space asynchronization, open-loop system, data compatibility and other challenges. Therefore, a universal architecture is urgently demanded with internal fusion and external interaction. In this paper, we propose an architecture with strong generalizability, namely Cyber Hierarchy and Interactional Network (CHAIN), as a solution to guide the holistic, associated, ordered and dynamic regulation of complex giant systems. CHAIN has the multi-dimensional hierarchical structure and human-machine-environment interactional capability. Based on CHAIN architecture, in terms of end-cloud collaborative battery management system, the bottom-up progressive X-cycle development process with mapping design and validation can promote and regulate the decentralized and multi-layer end-cloud-end framework, further deriving infrastructure-platform-software-data service modes and industry specialization. CHAIN can drive the material-energy-information-value four-chain collaboration through the feedback, fine-tuning, and iteration processes. To construct the interactional and integrated CHAIN, the four optimization directions, basic theory, time-space synchronization, system autonomy and data ecology, are presented to realize the interconnection between multi-scale models, multi-dimensional entities, multi-agent systems and multi-modality data. The proposed CHAIN architecture sheds light on the solution for complex giant systems to construct open and versatile internet of everything (IoE) ecology.