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Can we live in a baby universe formed by a delayed first-order phase transition?

  • Qing Hong Cao
  • , Masanori Tanaka
  • , Jun Chen Wang
  • , Ke Pan Xie
  • , Jing Jun Zhang
  • Peking University
  • Zhengzhou University

Research output: Contribution to journalLetterpeer-review

Abstract

We examine the idea that our Universe began as a baby universe and show that this is feasible in a gauged Uð1ÞB−L extension of the Standard Model with the classically conformal principle. For the first time, we define a measure to describe the probability that we reside in a baby universe, and find that it can be close to 1 in a considerable portion of the parameter space. The framework is consistent with current cosmological data, and it predicts the existence of a heavy neutral gauge boson, which could be detected at colliders, thereby offering a direct link between early universe dynamics and experimentally testable signatures at the TeV scale.

Original languageEnglish
Article numberL051701
JournalPhysical Review D
Volume113
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - 4 Mar 2026

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