Bioelectromagnetic Identification and Analysis of Tissues by Dual-Port Electromagnetic Methodology

The rapid and accurate identification of biological tissue types in resected specimens is critical to ensure complete tumor excision during surgery. By leveraging inherent electromagnetic property variations among tissues, this study presents a novel dual-port electromagnetic method that employs two-port S-parameters for quantitative tissue discrimination. The proposed technology leverages differences in the broadband electromagnetic properties among biological tissues, which are manifested as distinct attenuation characteristics during signal transmission. This approach allows for the successful differentiation of various tissue types, such as skin, muscle, fat, and tumor tissues, in ex vivo tumor-bearing mouse models. Specifically designed for biological tissue detection, this dual-port framework is the first to achieve a calibration-free operation and facilitate the detection of tumors with a size as small as 0.1 mm. Experimental validation in tumor-bearing mouse models demonstrated robust differentiation among skin, fat, muscle, and tumor tissues. Consistent measurements across multiple orientations were achieved, with a specific absorption rate below 0.0091 W/kg confirming operational safety. The transmission characteristics reveal significant bioelectromagnetic interactions, providing physical insights into tissue dielectric properties. This method provides a promising platform for clinical diagnostics and precision surgical guidance.