Biodegradable Zinc-Based Alloys for Guided Bone Regeneration Membranes: Feasibility, Current Status, and Future Prospects

The guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique is an effective method for treating inadequate alveolar ridge bone mass. The choice of barrier membrane materials plays a crucial role in the success of this technique. Recently, biodegradable zinc (Zn)-based metallic barrier membranes have been extensively investigated as a novel option for alveolar bone defect repair. Although in vitro and animal studies using Zn-based GBR membranes have shown some promising results, it remains uncertain whether these successes can be replicated in humans. In this review article, the clinical requirements for GBR membranes are discussed and the feasibility of Zn-based alloys as a potential new option is assessed. Current advancements in the development of Zn-based GBR membranes through alloying, surface modification, composite methods, and additive manufacturing techniques are also summarized. Importantly, several challenges persist, including stress corrosion, creep, and the need to balance osteogenesis with antimicrobial efficacy, which must be addressed in future studies. Overall, Zn-based barrier membranes represent a biodegradable and multifunctional solution for enhancing bone regeneration in dental applications.