Analysis and computation on electromagnetic backscattering scattering coefficient of two-dimensional fractal sea surface

Based on the existing two-dimensional fractal sea surface model, a novel electromagnetic backscattering coefficient model was derived in the HH and VV polarization mode, respectively. Average statistics of the backscatter coefficient from all resolution cells in some wavelength regions was computed and affect of seawater permittivity, electromagnetic waves incident angle, incident frequency, and wind speed and direction on the backscattering coefficient was analyzed in the time domain. The fractal dimension of the backscatter coefficient was estimated by box-counting. Numerical analysis method was adopted to demonstrate that the real and imaginary parts of the backscattering coefficient are fractal and their fractal dimensions are both equal to the fractal dimension of the backscattering coefficient or the two-dimensional fractal sea surface. Thus it indicates that the radar echo from the sea surface is also fractal, and provides an important method for the use of the fractal theory in sea weak target detection.