An experimental investigation of a hybrid photovoltaic/thermoelectric system with nanofluid application

Improving photovoltaic efficiency is fundamental to the large scale utilization of solar energy and reduction of carbon emission. In this field, reducing the temperature of the Photovoltaic (PV) panel will increase its efficiency and power production. Utilizing hybrid photovoltaic/thermoelectric (PV/TE) systems is an effective way to simultaneously release the excess heat of the PV panel and use this heat to produce power. The cooling method used for the thermoelectric module (TEM) plays an important role in the system efficiency as well as the produced power. A new nanofluid-based cooling method for a hybrid photovoltaic/thermoelectric system is proposed in this work and compared with the conventional cooling methods experimentally. To this end, five different cooling methods were investigated experimentally, namely natural cooling, forced air cooling, water cooling, SiO₂/water nanofluid cooling, and Fe₃O₄/water nanofluid cooling. The results showed the promise of SiO₂/water nanofluid cooling, which yielded the highest power and efficiency, showing 54.29% and 3.35% improvement, while Fe₃O₄/water nanofluid cooling showed 52.40% and 3.13% improvement in power production and efficiency respectively, comparing with the natural cooling method.