Advanced manufacturing techniques and structure design of liquid crystal elastomer smart materials

：Liquid crystal elastomer is a type of soft smart materials composed of liquid crystal mesogens and polymer networks. Under external stimuli such as heat，light，or electric field，liquid crystal elastomers can undergo large reversible deformation，showing great potential in applications of soft robotics，artificial muscles，self-sensing systems，and biomedical devices. In recent years，with the development of various manufacturing technologies，researchers have extensively explored the processing methods and structure design of liquid crystal elastomers. This paper first introduces three conventional preparation strategies for liquid crystal elastomers，discussing their features and limitations. Then，we summarize the recent research advances in the manufacturing technologies of liquid crystal elastomers. We further introduce the strategies to utilize the structure design of liquid crystal elastomers to achieve multiple motion modes and rapid actuation. Finally，we discuss the current challenges and future development of liquid crystal elastomers.