A Systematic Review of Soft Respiratory Exoskeletons: Assistance Mechanisms, System Architectures, and Key Technologies

Biometric exoskeletons have drawn extensive research interest for augmenting human motor capabilities, particularly in upper- and lower-limb assistance. However, their potential for respiratory support remains significantly underexplored. This review investigates the emerging concept of respiratory robots by examining the similarities and differences between assistive robots designed for motor augmentation and those intended for respiratory assistance. Building on respiratory physiology, the paper outlines the assistive mechanisms of existing respiratory robots and identifies key enabling technologies - including soft actuation methods, respiratory intention recognition and human-in-the-loop control - as well as clinical evaluation. Finally, the review provides a systematic overview of the current research landscape and highlights promising directions for future development in respiratory assistive robot.