A survey on fabrication, control, and hydrodynamic function of biomimetic robotic fish

Understanding and replicating the locomotion principles of fish are fundamental in the development of artificial fishlike robotic systems, termed robotic fish. This paper has two objectives: (1) to review biological clues on biomechanics and hydrodynamic flow control of fish swimming and (2) to summarize design and control methods for efficient and stable swimming in robotic fishes. Our review of state-of-the-art research and future-oriented new directions indicates that fish-inspired biology and engineering interact in mutually beneficial ways. This strong interaction offers an important insight into the design and control of novel fish-inspired robots that addresses the challenge of environmental uncertainty and competing objectives; in addition, it also facilitates refinement of biological knowledge and robotic strategies for effective and efficient swimming.