A real-time energy management strategy based on fuzzy control and ECMS for PHEVs

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have the advantages of strong dynamic, low fuel consumption, and low emission. The energy management strategy (EMS) is the key to giving full play to these advantages. In this context, an online adaptive EMS for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) with P2 architecture is proposed, including a fuzzy control-based working mode decision method (F-WMDM) and an adaptive equivalent consumption minimisation strategy (A-ECMS)-based torque distribution strategy. Furthermore, a mileage-based state of charge (SOC) reference curve is established, which is provided by internet information, GNSS, and navigation map. The SOC reference curve is an important basis for working mode decisions, and also a reference for adjusting the equivalent factor (EF) of ECMS. Finally, the simulation results show that under two driving cycles, the EMS based on F-WMDM and A-ECMS can reduce the engine start and stop times and fuel consumption compared with the rule-based EMS effectively.