轻量化复合材料液压缸现状及挑战

Hydraulic components and systems are widely used in mobile equipment such as construction machinery, heavy-duty robots and aircraft. Large output payload and high power to weight ratio is one of the most obvious advantages of hydraulic transmission different from other transmissions. Hydraulic cylinder is the most important actuator of the hydraulic system. The weight of the hydraulic cylinder in the prior art is large, which seriously restricts the host performance improvement. The scientific weight reduction of the hydraulic cylinder can further improve the power to weight ratio, which is of great significance to realize the energy saving and emission reduction, and improve the bearing capacity, mobility and endurance of the equipment. The development of lightweight composite hydraulic cylinder is reviewed by summarizing the urgent demand, lightweight approach, lightweight material selection, research status and market status of lightweight composite hydraulic cylinder. Fiber reinforced polymer(FRP), which has a very high strength to density ratio, is the preferred material for high pressure lightweight hydraulic cylinders with great potential for weight reduction. Combined with the constraint conditions of manufacturing lightweight hydraulic cylinder with FRP, the influence law of FRP design parameters, design of heterogeneous material composite structure design, shape-control manufacturing of heterogeneous material composite structure, seal-friction pair and performance characterization of FRP hydraulic cylinder are analyzed respectively. The main challenges and development trend of the hydraulic cylinder with the characteristics of light weight, high pressure resistance, low leakage, low friction and fatigue resistance are discussed.