混氢燃气轮机用高温结构材料与热障涂层研究进展

With the global energy transition and increasing environmental requirements, hydrogen-mixed gas turbines as a high-efficiency and low-emission energy conversion equipment has been widely concerned. This paper reviews the development status of hydrogen-mixed gas turbines domestically and internationally, analyzes the characteristics of hydrogen combustion in gas turbines, explores the impact of hydrogen combustion on complex components and the application of high-temperature materials, and analyzes the performance requirements for hot-end component materials operating under high temperature, high pressure, and corrosive conditions, as well as the main challenges and potential solutions in current material development. The effects of water vapor and hydrogen embrittlement during hydrogen combustion on gas turbine alloys and thermal barrier coatings are discussed in detail.Water vapor accelerates the oxidation and corrosion of alloys, leading to a decline in mechanical properties. Furthermore, hydrogen embrittlement significantly affects the toughness and durability of alloys, increasing the risk of crack propagation and fracture. In terms of the problems, future research should focus on multi-field coupling simulations and accelerated corrosion tests, considering the factors such as temperature, pressure, and different atmospheres to establish realistic environment simulators to evaluate alloy and coating performances. Additionally, the combined effects of hydrogen and water vapor on high-temperature alloys and thermal barrier coatings should be emphasized. This includes investigating the diffusion mechanisms of hydrogen in alloys, interactions with lattice defects, and the microscopic processes leading to hydrogen embrittlement. Building oxidation models in high-temperature water vapor environments, clarifying the dissociation and adsorption mechanisms of water vapor at high temperatures, the hydroxylation of protective oxide films Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃, and the growth behavior of non-protective oxides(e.g., spinel) are also essential.